No-till farming is about solving problems without disturbing the soil. Not plowing helps carbon stay underground, supporting soil health and the environment. In no-till farming, crop residues—think corn stalks or tomato vines—are left in the field to compost. Cover crops and mulch suppresses weeds, and rotating crops helps outsmart pests.
Tilling can make the soil too dry and expose it to too much sunlight, harming helpful microbes. When those microbes decline, the nutrient cycle declines, and reliance on fertilizer increases. By not tilling, our soil’s microbes stay healthy and our soil amendments work longer.
Earthworms are important players in soil health. Modern tilling machines slice up the soil with a series of fast-spinning blades. For all their virtues, earthworms are not agile, and many don’t survive the tilling. With each successive tilling, their numbers dwindle. And with their decline so does the soil’s natural fertility.